Major General Staff of war Mohammed Najib (FEB 191 901 - August 28 1984), a political and military Egyptian, the first president of the Republic of Egypt after the termination of property declared a republic (June 18, 1953), is also the commander of the revolution of July 23, 1952 that ended with the removal of King Farouk and his departure for Egypt, [5]. Took over as Prime Minister in Egypt during the period (March 8, 1954 April 18 1954), [6] [7] He also served as commanding general of the Egyptian armed forces and minister of war in 1952. [8] [9]
Ould Mohamed Najib Sudan, and joined the Faculty of Gordon then military school where he graduated in 1918, then joined the Royal Guard in 1923. He received his Bachelor of Law in 1927 and was the first officer in the Egyptian army obtained. Earned a postgraduate degree in political economy in 1929 and another diploma in higher studies in private law in 1931. [1] [10]
In December 1931 he was promoted to the rank of Alaozbashi (captain) and transferred to the Frontier Corps in 1934 in El-Arish, and then became part of the Commission, which oversaw the organization of the Egyptian army in Khartoum after the treaty of 1936, and the Egyptian army magazine founded in 1937 and was promoted to the rank of Alsag (leading) 6 may 1938. feet Mohamed Naguib resigned following the February 1942 4 incident in which the besieged British tanks King Farouk Palace to force him to re-Nahhas to the prime minister, came to resign in protest because he was not able to protect his property, who swore his oath of allegiance, but officials at the Palace Abdeen thanked him with gratitude and refused to accept his resignation. Promoted to the rank of Mayor (colonel) in June 1944. In that year he was appointed governor of the Sinai, regionally, and in 1947 he was responsible for the machine guns in al-Arish. And promoted to the rank Alomiralaa (Dean) in 1948. [11] [12]
Participated in the Palestine war in 1948 and was wounded seven times, also conferred the first military star Fouad in recognition of his courage in addition to the rank of Bakoah, and after the war he was appointed director of the School of the officers, and learn about the organization of the Free Officers through Alsag Abdul Hakim Amer, and in July 23 1952 Taliban carried out the July plan renamed (b corrective movement) and ended with a waiver of King Farouk heir to the throne and leave the country, and in 1953, Najib became the first president of the country after the termination of the Royal proclamation of the Republic. [13]
Announced the principles of the six-revolution, and select agricultural property, but he was at odds with the Revolutionary Command Council officers because of his desire in the army returned to its barracks and the return of civilian parliamentary life, [14] As a result, tendered his resignation in February, then returned again after the March crisis, [15] but in the November 14, 1954 forced the Revolutionary command Council to resign, and put him under house arrest with his family in Zainab Palace agent away from political life and to prevent any visits to him, until 1971, when President Sadat decided to end the house arrest imposed on him, but he remained banned from the media appear until his death on August 28, 1984. [16]
Its inception
Ould Mohamed Najib Sudan Saqiat Abul-Ela in Khartoum, Egyptian father and mother Egyptian-Sudanese origin named «Flower Mohamed Osman», full name Mohamed Naguib Youssef pole Alakeclan [19], there is disagreement about the date of birth, as the official date of the serrations carried out by the army is February 19, 1901, [20] and usually not be accurate, but in his memoirs, it was reported that a senior family told him that he was born by one of his relatives forty days, and found that the account of his birth date is July 7 1902. [21] [22]
His father Joseph Najib began his farmer in his village Alnharih Kafr El Zayat center Gharbia Governorate in Egypt, [23] which is next to the famous Lapierre village then joined the military school and the superiority of it, and after graduating took part in the retrieval of Sudan's 1898 campaigns, Yusuf Najib married a Sudanese named Lady Mohammed Hamza Sharif and gave birth to their first son, Abbas, and then divorced her, [24] and after he married Ms. «flower» daughter Alomiralaa Mohamed Bey Osman in 1900, an Egyptian officer, his family lives in Omdurman cited in one of the battles against the Mahdist War, [25] has fathered Joseph Ms. flower three sons Mohammad Najib, Ali Mahmoud Najib Najib, also fathered six daughters. When Muhammad Najib was 13 years old his father died, leaving behind him is made up of ten members of the family, Vohs responsibility early, was not it only a so diligent in Gordon College graduate quickly. [26] [27]
His life
Najib Mohammed received his education in Wad Medani in 1905 where memorizing the Quran and learn to read and write, his father moved to Wadi Halfa in 1908 enrolled in primary school there, then joined the Faculty of Algordon in 1913. [28]
Mohamed Naguib says in his memoirs: «I was a student in the second year of college in 1914 and came Mr Simpson, English teacher, to dictate to us to dictate a piece in which he said that Egypt was ruled by the British, did not dislike it. And he stopped writing. And I got up and stood by, and I said to him: No, sir Egypt occupied by Britain all but independent internally and belonging to Turkey, railed English teacher and anger and insisted that I go in front of him to his office and ordered thrashing ten lashes on my back and surrendered to death painful without that I move or open my mouth »[29]
After graduating from college he joined the Institute of Tropical Research to train on a typewriter as a prelude to work as an interpreter for a salary of three pounds a month, and after graduation is not satisfied with what he has achieved and insisted on entering the Military Academy in Cairo. [30]
He joined the military academy in Egypt in April 1917 where he graduated in January 23, 1918, then traveled to Sudan on February 19, 1918 at the same age his father and joined the same Egyptian battalion, which was staffed by his father to begin his life as an officer in the Egyptian army battalion 17th infantry. [31] [32] [33]
With the revolution of 1919 insisted on participating in spite of contrary to the rules of the army, he travels to Cairo and sit on the stairs of the house of the nation, carrying the Egyptian flag next to him and a group of young officers. Then go to the cavalry in Shendi. Battalion that served them were canceled, go to the Western Division cart in Cairo in 1921. [34] [35]
Got the qualification certificate, and entered the school police for two months, and became aware of the various categories of the Egyptian people, he graduated and served in Abdeen sections, ancient Egypt, Bulaq, Helwan. Again returned to Sudan in 1922 with the band 13 and the Sudanese served in Wau in Bahr al-Ghazal, then go to the unity of the machine guns in Malakal. [36]
He then moved to the Royal Guard in Cairo on April 28, 1923, then moved to eighth band Maadi because of his support for the militants Sudanese, he received a baccalaureate degree in 1923 and joined the Faculty of Law, and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1924, and was fluent in English, French, Italian, German and male in his memoirs, he also learned Hebrew, and although his responsibility was fond of science. [37] [38]
Mohammed Najib in the Frontier Corps
In 1927, Muhammad Naguib first officer in the Egyptian army gets LLB, and post-graduate diploma in political economy in 1929 and another diploma in higher studies in private law in 1931 and began to prepare his doctoral thesis, but the nature of his military, and the large number of his movements prevented completion. [39] [40] [41]
In 1929 learning Mohamed Naguib lesson from Mustafa copper, the King Fuad issued a decision to dissolve parliament because the majority of its members were from the Wafd Party, which was always the collision King Vtkhvy in clothes Khademnobi, and jumped on the roof of Mustafa copper house, and offered him the army intervened to force the king to respect opinion of the people, but the brass told him, I prefer that the army away from politics, and that when a nation is the source of authority, it was an important lesson to learn from which a great deal about the need for separation of powers and respect for democratic parliamentary life, a lesson that would be applied thereafter in 1954. [42] [43]
Promoted to the rank of Aozbashi (captain) in December 1931, and the transfer of arms to the border in 1934, then moved to El Arish. Was part of the committee that oversaw the organization of the Egyptian army in Khartoum after the treaty of 1936 and then founded the Egyptian army magazine in 1937 and was promoted to the rank of Alsag (pilot) in the May 6, 1938, and rejected that year to conduct joint military exercises with the British in Marsa Matruh. [44] [ 45] [46]
Following the February 4 incident in 1942 an incident in which British tanks surrounded the palace of King Farouk to force him to re-Nahhas to the prime minister or to give up the throne. Anger Mohammed Najib was then coined the rank of (pilot) and went so far as to resign in protest and anger because he was unable to protect his property, who swear an oath of allegiance to him, thanked the officials in Abdeen Palace feelings and refused to extradite his resignation. [47]
Promoted to the rank of district officer (colonel) in June 1944, and in that year was appointed provincial governor of Sinai, and in 1947 he was responsible for the machine guns in al-Arish, and promoted to the rank Alomiralaa (Dean) in 1948. [11] [12]
His participation in the 1948 Palestine War
This war 7 seven times, three were seriously injured «so it was a badge number mode (3) on the official his military uniform», and the most dangerous of the third and final injury in battle (Clerks 86) in December 1948, [48] where he was wounded by bullets while trying to save a his soldiers when he disrupted his tanks, and was injured severely Najib since stabilized bullets just a few centimeters from his heart, and when he hid behind a tree found blood bursting from his chest, and wrote his will to his children which he said «remember my children that your father died Bcharf.ccant recent desire to avenge the defeat in Palestine and struggling for the unity of the Nile Valley. [49] [50]
Joining the Free Officers Movement
After the 1948 war, Najib returned to Cairo commander of the School of bone officers, and the certainty that the main enemy is not the Jews, as they are Hola men who commit it behind us misdeeds and sins are challenging their honor, including committing of follies, and it was always repeating that the battle really in Egypt, not in Palestine. do not hesitate to these words say to those who trust in them from the officers, and at a time was Alsag Abdul Hakim Amer Military Staff of the brigade Mohammed Najib, and it seems that the word of Mohammed Najib of corruption in Cairo had influenced him he went to his friend Gamal Abdel Nasser and told him, as recounted Amer Najib then: I have found in General Mohamed Naguib a great treasure. [54] [55]
Gamal Abdel Nasser had begun in the formation of the organization of the Free Officers since 1949, which caused the defeat of Palestine in the broadcast state of discontent and the desire to eliminate feudalism and corruption and internal creation of a strong army, while adhering to the rules of absolute confidentiality, the organization wants to be led by one of the senior officers in order to get the organization to support the rest of the officers, already offer it Abdel Nasser Mohammad Najib he agreed immediately. [56]
Mohammed Najib in the officers' club
Tharwat Okasha - a Liberal - officers says in his book «memoirs between politics and culture»: «Major General Mohamed Naguib A military leaders renowned for three reasons: First, ethics high, and the second is the broad culture, he holds a Bachelor of Law, and a graduate of Staff College and is fluent in more than the language, and the third his courage in the Palestine war, in which role models for others and hit the nail admiration of all the officers on the battlefield ». [57] [58]
The choice to organize the Free Officers to Mohamed Naguib secret of the success of the organization within the army, was the organization officers when putting on the rest of the army officers to join the movement were asking from the leader, and when they know that General Mohamed Naguib are rushing to join. [59]
Military historian Major General Jamal Hammad, one of the Free Officers, said that the movement were not to succeed Lula join Mohammad Najib to what was his good reputation in the army, and what was his position of importance, as the rest of the Free Officers were those with small and unknown times. [60]
His candidacy for the officers' club
The officers' club election as the first effective step in the path of the revolution on July 23, before the club elections were the Executive Committee to organize the Free Officers believe that it is not possible to do a revolution before 1955, but after the election officers felt the extent of their power. Mohammed Najib nominated himself president of the club's board to feel the pulse of the army, testing the strength of the Free Officers and a challenge to the king, and the king challenge nominated Hussein Sirri Amer. The election was the first real test of the popularity of Mohamed Naguib within the army. [61] [62]
With the rising of the dawn of the first day of January 1952 announced the result and got Mohamed Naguib overwhelmingly collective alum, did not get his competitors only on 58 votes only, severe shock to the king, the result was decided to solve the club's board. [63] [64]
The atmosphere in Egypt in flames as a result of Cairo Fire incident on January 24, followed by the Ismaili incident on January 25 after the killing of a number of policemen, asked them to English troops handed over their headquarters and their weapons and refused, and clashed with the English forces so that left more than 40 people dead, was a popular king in decline severe and make it in a weak position, making it easy to organize the Liberal military officers. [65]
On July 18, 1952 Negotiable Mohammed Najeeb Mohammad Hashim, Minister of Interior - the son-Prime Minister - based on last request, which asked about the reasons for grumbling officers, and offered him the post of Minister of War, but Najib refused and preferred to stay the army because he doubt scheme aims to remove him from the troops armed, and during their conversation informed him Mohammad Hashim, there are 13 name for army officers shared organization called (Free officers), and that the property Saraya has identified eight individuals whom they will be arrested, making Najib meets hastily High Commission to organize free officers to speed up the implementation of the plan , which are carried out on July 23, 1952. [66] [67] [68]
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